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    英属维尔京群岛法律:破产情况下 DAO 的处理
    2025-08-11

    英属维尔京群岛(“BVI”)一直积极应对去中心化自治组织(“DAO”)的法律影响,尤其是在破产背景下的资产和负债。虽然BVI没有专门针对DAO的具体立法,但现有法律和法律原则可用于评估DAO资产和负债的处理。

    1. 法律结构: 英属维尔京群岛法律没有立法或判例法来定义什么是 DAO。在美国,法院曾考虑过 DAO 成员在某些情况下是否可以被视为合伙关系的问题。然而,迄今为止,这个问题尚未在英属维尔京群岛法院出现。DAO 可以完全去中心化,即由为共同目标而在某些治理协议或规则框架下运作的非法人团体。此外,许多在英属维尔京群岛运营的 DAO 通常以公司或有限合伙企业的形式设立,或者更常见的是,它们的组织方式是,DAO 成员的行动或集体决策通过由代币持有者管理的公司实体(例如通过担保有限公司)进行,以降低这种风险。法律结构会影响破产时资产和负债的处理。如果 DAO 以公司形式注册成立,则通常会遵循《英属维尔京群岛商业公司法》(修订版),该法规定了有偿付能力清算的框架,或遵循《英属维尔京群岛破产法》(修订版),该法规定了无偿付能力清算的框架。

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Insolvency & Restructuring, Loeb Smith Attorneys, Bankruptcy
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Edmond Fung
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    股东争议:开曼群岛与英属维尔京群岛比较
    2025-03-24

    在当前的经济条件下,在开曼群岛(“开曼”)或英属维尔京群岛(“BVI”)注册成立的离岸公司(包括作为投资基金开展业务的公司)的股东越来越多地被迫考虑,在董事对公司事务管理不善负有责任时,其对该等董事所享有的权利。尤其是,小股东特别希望了解是否有救济措施,使其能够克服“违法者控制”的局面。换言之,通常董事会的组成和管理是由大股东控制的。在本篇文章中,我们简要介绍了在开曼和BVI两个司法管辖区,董事所承担的职责以及股东可获得的救济措施。

    董事职责的范围是什么?

    开曼群岛

    开曼公司董事的职责规定在普通法中,包括:(i)以公司的最佳利益善意行事的职责;(ii)为适当目的行使其权力的职责(而不得为未授权的目的行使其权力);以及(iii)不得牟取秘密利润的职责。

    英属维尔京群岛

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Loeb Smith Attorneys, BVI Business Companies Act 2004
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Robert Farrell , Elizabeth Kenny , Vanisha Harjani , Cesare Bandini , Edmond Fung , Vivian Huang , Faye Huang , Yun Sheng
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    英属维尔京群岛的自愿清算
    2025-03-19

    介绍

    英属维尔京群岛(「BVI」)的清算不具有救援功能,标志着公司生命周期的结束。 BVI 的清算可以是:

    1) 破产清算,因此受《2003 年破产法》(经修订)(「破产法」)管辖;或者

    2) 有偿付能力的清算,因此受英属维尔京群岛商业公司法(经修订)(「公司法」)管辖。《公司法》经《2022 年 BVI 商业公司(修订)法》和《2022 年 BVI 商业公司(修订)条例》(「修订」)修订。

    本简报列出了与英属维尔京群岛自愿清算相关的一些要点。我们准备了另一份简报涵盖《破产法》下与破产清算相关的问题。

    自愿清算的目的

    当公司不再被业务需要并且需要解散时,通常采用自愿清算——这将使清算人能够处理公司的资产(如果有)并偿还任何负债(如果有),以便解散有偿付能力的公司。自愿清算的过程相当简单且成本低廉,有助于公司有秩序地结束。

    程序

    《公司法》第 197(1) 条规定了公司自愿清算的标准。公司只有在以下情况下才可以进入自愿清算:

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Loeb Smith Attorneys, Bankruptcy, BVI Business Companies Act 2004
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Robert Farrell , Elizabeth Kenny , Vanisha Harjani , Cesare Bandini , Edmond Fung , Vivian Huang , Faye Huang , Yun Sheng
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    英属维尔京群岛的公司恢复
    2025-03-19

    介绍

    2004 年英属维尔京群岛商业公司法(「BCA」)修正案于2023 年1 月1 日生效,改变了英属维尔京群岛(「BVI」)公司除名、解散以及随后恢复到公司注册处的情况(「登记」)。本简报回顾了目前的情况,旨在为恢复过程提供一些实用的见解。提及 BCA 时指的是经修订的 2004 年 BVI 商业公司法。

    2023 年1 月1 日之前被取消和解散的公司

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Loeb Smith Attorneys
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Robert Farrell , Elizabeth Kenny , Edmond Fung , Cesare Bandini , Vanisha Harjani , Vivian Huang , Faye Huang , Yun Sheng
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    英属维尔京群岛的破产清算
    2025-03-11

    介绍

    英属维尔京群岛(“BVI”)的清算可以是:

    1)   破产清算,因此受《2003年破产法》(经修订)(「破产法」)管辖;或者

    2)   有偿付能力的清算,因此受英属维尔京群岛商业公司法(经修订)(「公司法」)管辖。

    《公司法》经《2022 年英属维尔京群岛商业公司(修订)法》及《2022 年英属维尔京群岛商业公司(修订)条例》修订。

    本简报列出了与英属维尔京群岛破产清算相关的一些要点。另一份简报涵盖了与英属维尔京群岛自愿(有偿付能力)清算相关的问题。

    无力偿债清算的目的

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Loeb Smith Attorneys, Liquidation, Business Companies Act 2004 (British Virgin Islands)
    Authors:
    Gary Smith , Robert Farrell , Elizabeth Kenny , Vanisha Harjani , Cesare Bandini , Edmond Fung , Faye Huang , Vivian Huang , Yun Sheng
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Loeb Smith Attorneys
    Unrecognised Foreign Judgments and Awards and Liquidation Proceedings in the British Virgin Islands
    2025-02-12

    In Servis-Terminal LLC v Drelle [2025] EWCA Civ 62, the English Court of Appeal held that a bankruptcy petition cannot be presented based on an unsatisfied foreign judgment where the foreign judgment has not been recognised in that jurisdiction. This update considers the effect that decision may have on statutory demands and applications for the appointment of liquidators based on unrecognised foreign judgments in the British Virgin Islands.

    The Hierarchy of the Courts of the Eastern Caribbean

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Mourant Ozannes, Liquidation, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Shane Donovan , Eleanor Morgan , Jennifer Jenkins , Justine Lau , Michael Popkin
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands
    Firm:
    Mourant Ozannes
    Hong Kong Court Grants Recognition and Assistance to Official Liquidators Appointed in the British Virgin Islands
    2025-01-07

    On 23 October 2024, Deputy High Court Judge Le Pichon of the Court of First Instance in the High Court of the Hong Kong SAR granted recognition and assistance to Chan Ho Yin (also known as Michael Chan) (“Mr Chan“) of Kroll (HK) Ltd and Elaine Hanrahan (“Ms Hanrahan“), the joint official liquidators of Bull’s-Eye Limited (“Bull’s-Eye”) following a letter of request issued by the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court.

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Conyers, Securities and Futures Commission (Hong Kong)
    Authors:
    Norman Hau , Natalie Fung , Ernest Bickley
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Hong Kong
    Firm:
    Conyers
    A Year in Review - Top 5 Offshore Dispute Issues
    2024-09-23

    1.All eyes on redemption right

    Redemption rights have increasingly been under the spotlight in the past year, as more and more investors contemplate an exit from under-performing investments.

    As the redemption of shares involves a return of capital, it is prohibited under Cayman Islands law except to the extent permitted by statute. Section 37 of the Cayman Islands’ Companies Act (the Act) provides:

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Arbitration & ADR, Company & Commercial, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Private Client & Offshore Services, Appleby
    Authors:
    Eliot Simpson , Crystal Au-Yeung , Damon Booth , Denise Tse , Ray Leung
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands
    Firm:
    Appleby
    Enforcing debts in the Cayman Islands and BVI which are subject to an arbitration clause
    2024-09-20

    Key takeaways

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Arbitration & ADR, Insolvency & Restructuring, Litigation, Walkers
    Authors:
    Luke Petith , Murray Laing , Barnaby Gowrie , Siobhan Sheridan , Cate Barbour , Michael Testori , Tania Diab
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands
    Firm:
    Walkers
    Tracing and recovering cryptoassets for Cayman and BVI insolvency practitioners
    2024-09-09

    In many of the recent insolvencies of digital asset companies, liquidators have been appointed over companies in which digital assets have been fraudulently transferred from wallets controlled by an insolvent company into other unidentified wallets in foreign jurisdictions.

    The anonymity of cryptoassets causes serious difficulties for insolvency practitioners in identifying the third parties who received funds and the location of the digital wallets.

    Filed under:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Banking, Insolvency & Restructuring, IT & Data Protection, Litigation, Ogier, Know your customer, Blockchain, Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Anti-money laundering, Non-fungible tokens, Insolvency
    Authors:
    Gemma Bellfield (nee Lardner) , Nicholas Brookes , Corey Byrne , Romauld Johnson
    Location:
    British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands
    Firm:
    Ogier

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